2. Factors influencing the ability of the bone to resist load without damage accumulation The amount and rate of strain engendered when a...

Playing Surface Playing surface has historically been considered a contributor to BSI risk, with participation on harder surfaces such as...

Training Factors Chronic introduction of high absolute load magnitudes, rates and accelerations may reduce bone fatigue life,...

BSIs can be viewed as occurring when the mechanical stimulus at a specific bone site repeatedly exceeds the threshold for microdamage...

As BSIs develop in response to repetitive mechanical loading, it is not surprising that they occur frequently in athletes. BSI's cause a...

A bone stress injury (BSI) represents the inability of bone to withstand repetitive mechanical loading, which results in structural...

'During training, I suffered a stress fracture. It was madness that I carried on and ran the 800 metres and 1500 metres, but because it's...

Acute skin injuries are common in athletes, particularly those competing in contact sports and cycling. Open wounds may be caused by a...

Fat pads consist of closely packed adipose cells surrounded by fibrous septa, which commonly divide the fat pad into separate...

Major acute nerve injuries are unusual in athletes. Specific nerves are susceptible to compression injury due to their subcutaneous...

Bursae are small, synovial membrane-lined sacs that are filled with an inner layer of viscous fluid. They are often found between bone...

Tendons connect muscle to bone and function to transmit muscle contractile forces necessary for motion. They consist of parallel collagen...

Muscle cramps are sudden, painful, involuntary contractions characterised by repetitive firing of motor unit action potentials When they...

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a form of heterotrophic ossification and refers to the formation of bone within a muscle. It is an infrequent...

Muscle contusion is the medical term for a muscle bruise, and refers to bleeding and subsequent haematoma formation within a muscle and...

Muscle injuries are among the most common injuries in sports, accounting for up to half of all sport-related injuries at the elite level....

Ligaments typically span joints to connect articulating bones, and present as either discrete extra-articular structures or thickenings...

Joint stability depends on the interaction between the passive, active and neural subsystems. Muscles and tendons combine to form the...

ACUTE TEAR Fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of fibrous and cartilaginous tissue in varying proportions, which provide it with both...

This post follows on from acute sports injuries in bones. Hyaline (or articular) cartilage lines the articular surface of bone regions...